According to relevant statistics, the average modern person spends an average of time living and working indoors, of which an average of 20% of the time is at home. After years of surveys, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency found that the air pollution levels in many civil and commercial buildings are extremely high. Outdoor air pollution is several times to dozens of times, and some even exceed times. The types of indoor air pollutants are complex and the concentrations are relatively low, so their impact on human health is long-term and chronic. Symptoms such as dry eyes, drowsiness, and memory loss may occur in the short term; sore throat, acute or chronic pharyngitis and other symptoms may occur in the long term. Long-term exposure to a polluted environment will lead to lung and multi-organ diseases.
1. What is indoor air pollution
Indoor mainly refers to the indoor environment. Indoor air pollution refers to the indoor environment pollution behavior that causes excessive harmful substances in indoor air due to various reasons, thereby affecting human health. Hazardous substances include formaldehyde, benzene, ammonia, radioactive radon, etc. As the level of pollution intensifies, the human body will produce sub-health reactions and even threaten life safety. It is one of the hazards to the human body that is receiving increasing attention
The definition of indoor air pollution is: Indoor air pollution refers to the presence of substances harmful to human health in the air in a closed space and the concentration has exceeded the national standard and can harm human health. To improve people's health, we collectively refer to this phenomenon as indoor air pollution. It does not mainly refer to the living room.
2. Sources of indoor pollution
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor. It has active chemical properties and biological activity and is the main pollutant in the indoor environment. , regular inhalation can cause chronic poisoning.
Formaldehyde mainly comes from particleboards, fiberboards, large core boards, plywood used for home decoration, sponges for sofas, sponge mattresses, and adhesives used for decorative laying of walls and floors. Formaldehyde is a recognized potential carcinogen in the world. Its toxic hazards mainly manifest as symptoms of the nervous system and respiratory system, lung damage and effects on the central nervous system, such as headaches, dizziness, dry throat, cough, etc., and can also cause fetal malformations.
Benzene Series
Benzene is a colorless gas with a special aromatic odor. It is a type of indoor volatile organic matter. It is characterized by being highly harmful, a strong carcinogen, and an invisible killer of the indoor environment.
Benzene is an organic solvent for glues, paints, coatings and building materials used in decoration. High concentrations of benzene vapor can cause acute benzene poisoning. Mild poisoning can cause drowsiness, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, chest tightness, etc., and may also cause mild mucosal irritation symptoms. Severe poisoning may cause blurred vision, tremors, shallow and rapid breathing, irregular heartbeat, convulsions and coma. In severe cases, respiratory and circulatory failure, ventricular fibrillation, and chronic benzene poisoning can also cause leukemia in varying degrees.
3 Ammonia
Ammonia is a colorless gas with a strong pungent odor. It is characterized by strong irritation, but its release period is also fast, will not cause long-term accumulation, and is less harmful to the human body.
Ammonia in residential buildings mainly comes from concrete walls. During winter construction, concrete antifreeze containing urea and ammonia as the main raw materials is added to the concrete wall. After the house is built, ammonia gas is slowly released from the walls, causing indoor ammonia pollution. Ammonia can paralyze respiratory tract cilia and damage mucosal epithelial tissue, weakening the body's resistance to disease. Inhaled ammonia easily enters the blood through the alveoli and combines with hemoglobin, destroying its oxygen transport function. Ammonia gas irritates people's eyes and trachea, and has a rapid effect on the eyes, throat, and upper respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as tearing, sore throat, and difficulty breathing.
Radon
Radon is the only natural radioactive gas in nature produced after the fission of radium. It is colorless, odorless and tasteless. It exists in rocks, soil and water and is one of the carcinogens recognized by the World Health Organization. The rays emitted by this substance have a destructive effect on the basic molecular structure of human cells.
Radon is released from foundation soil, building materials, outdoor air, water supplies, and natural gas used for heating and cooking. Because radon is a radioactive gas, when people inhale it, the alpha particles produced by radon decay can cause radiation damage to the human respiratory system and induce lung cancer. Expert studies have shown that the incubation period of radon-induced lung cancer is mostly more than 10 years. It is the second largest cause of lung cancer after smoking. Under exposure to high concentrations of radon, changes in blood cells occur collectively. Radon has a high affinity for human fat, especially when radon combines with the nervous system, it is more harmful. The stochastic effect mainly manifests itself in the occurrence of tumors.
Total volatile organic compounds ()
Total volatile organic compounds is the general name for all organic compounds that naturally evaporate from any liquid or solid at normal temperatures. It is characterized by complex ingredients, odor, high toxicity, and strong irritation.
Indoor pollution is mainly emitted by building materials, interior decoration materials, and daily and office supplies: such as artificial panels in building materials, foam insulation materials, plastic sheets, paints, coatings, and adhesives in interior decoration materials. Mixtures, wallpapers, carpets, cosmetics, detergents, etc. used in daily life. Studies have shown that exposure to high concentrations of polluted environments can lead to poisoning of the central nervous system, liver, liver and blood of the human body. Individual allergic patients will have severe reactions even at low concentrations.
Microorganisms, viruses, bacteria
Microorganisms and fine dust mostly exist in warm, humid and unclean environments. They float together with dust particles in the air and become allergens and pathways for the spread of diseases. Dust mites, in particular, are an allergen in human bronchial asthma. Dust mites like to live in the dust in the room. Spring and autumn are the periods when dust mites grow and reproduce most vigorously.
Microorganisms in indoor air are mainly caused by various indoor and outdoor pollutions. They are mainly caused by outdoor air microorganisms being brought into the room with the air flow, microorganisms brought in from the surface of human clothing and soles of shoes, and spread from the respiratory tract. Bacteria mainly exist in the air in two forms: one is attached to air particles, particles with a larger diameter can fall to the ground together with the bacteria, and particles with a smaller diameter can float in the air with the bacteria for a long time; the other is contained in droplets. When people sneeze, cough, sing, or talk, they spray droplets from their mouths and noses. The bacteria attached to the droplets or the bacteria attached to the droplet nuclei formed by the evaporation of the droplets are quickly dispersed throughout the room and spread over time. Time floats in the air. In rooms with poor ventilation, dirty air, and a large number of bacteria, it is extremely easy to spread respiratory infectious diseases.
Indoor pollution source control formaldehyde equipment treatment equipment Overui fresh air supply